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Examining the Factor Structure and Validation of the Questionnaires of Quality of Work Life, Mental Health, Job Engagement, and Job Satisfaction among University Employees (Case Study: Administrative Staff of the University of Kashan)
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Hossein Motafaker   , Mahdi Ahmadi Panah , Kazem Pourzarandi |
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Abstract: (12 Views) |
| Valid and reliable measurement instruments are considered a prerequisite for any scientific research in the field of organizational behavior and human resource management. Despite the widespread use of questionnaires on quality of work life, mental health, job engagement, and job satisfaction in Iranian research, the factor structure and validity of these instruments in the university employee population, particularly within the context of Iran's organizational culture, have not been comprehensively examined. The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the questionnaires of quality of work life (Elizur & Shye, 1990), general health (GHQ-28, Goldberg & Hillier, 1979), job engagement (Schaufeli & Salanova, 2008), and job satisfaction (Minnesota, MSQ) among the administrative staff of the University of Kashan. This research is descriptive-correlational with a confirmatory factor analysis approach. The statistical population included all administrative staff of the University of Kashan in the academic year 2024–2025, totaling 250 individuals, who were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. The research instruments included the four standard questionnaires mentioned above. Confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS software was used to examine construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability were used to examine reliability. Convergent and divergent validity were also assessed using AVE indices and the Fornell-Larcker method, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four-factor structure of the quality of work life questionnaire was confirmed with favorable fit indices (GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06). The four-dimensional structure of the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was confirmed with indices (GFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.07). The one-factor structure of the job engagement questionnaire with indices (GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05) and the six-dimensional structure of the Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire with indices (GFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.06) were confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for all questionnaires were above 0.70, and composite reliability for all constructs was above 0.80, indicating acceptable reliability of the instruments. Convergent validity was confirmed with AVE values above 0.50 for all constructs, and divergent validity was also confirmed using the Fornell-Larcker method. The findings indicate that the questionnaires of quality of work life, general health, job engagement, and job satisfaction possess favorable factor structure, validity, and reliability in the university administrative staff population and can be used as valid and reliable instruments in research in the fields of human resource management and organizational behavior within Iran's university context. However, minor modifications to some items are recommended to increase model fit. |
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| Keywords: Validation, confirmatory factor analysis, quality of work life, mental health, job engagement, job satisfaction, university employees. |
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Full-Text [PDF 745 kb]
(8 Downloads)
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Review: Research |
Subject:
Human Resources Management
Received: 2026/11/6 | Accepted: 2026/08/21 | Published: 2026/08/21
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Motafaker H, Ahmadi Panah M, Pourzarandi K. Examining the Factor Structure and Validation of the Questionnaires of Quality of Work Life, Mental Health, Job Engagement, and Job Satisfaction among University Employees (Case Study: Administrative Staff of the University of Kashan). , 3. 2026; 11 (4) :1-16 URL: http://asmd.ir/article-1-443-en.html
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